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caontains toepassingen van opamps
Inhoud:
INLEIDING ................................................. .................................................. ................................ 7
Computation Control Instrumentation ............................................... .............................................. 7
De Feedback Techniek ............................................... .................................................. .............. 7
Notatie en terminologie ............................................... .................................................. .............. 8
Input Terminals ................................................ .................................................. ............................ 9
Output Terminals ................................................ .................................................. .......................... 9
Power Connections ................................................ .................................................. .................... 10
Samenvatting van Notatie ............................................... .................................................. ................... 10
Elektrisch Circuit Modellen ............................................... .................................................. .............. 10
Circuit Notatie ................................................ .................................................. .......................... 11
De ideale operationele versterker .............................................. .................................................. .... 12
Bepalen van de ideale operationele versterker ............................................. ........................................... 12
Een samenvatting Punt Restraint .............................................. .................................................. ........... 13
CIRCUITS EN ANALYSES USING THE IDEAL OPERATIONELE VERSTERKER ................................. 14
De wenselijkheid van Feedback .............................................. .................................................. ........ 14
Twee belangrijke feedback circuits .............................................. .................................................. .15
Spanning FOLLOWER ................................................ .................................................. ........................ 15
Niet-omkeren Versterker .............................................. .................................................. ................. 17
Omkeren AMPLIFIER ................................................ .................................................. ............ 18
Intuïtieve Analyse Technieken ............................................... .................................................. ....... 19
Stroomuitgang ................................................ .................................................. ........................... 20
Reactief Elementen ................................................ .................................................. ..................... 20
Integrator ................................................. .................................................. .................................. 21
Differentiator ................................................. .................................................. ............................. 21
Spanning Adder ................................................ .................................................. ............................ 23
Schalen Zomer ................................................ .................................................. ......................... 23
Het combineren van Circuit Functies ............................................... .................................................. ........ 24
Differentiële versterker Ingang ............................................... .................................................. ............ 24
Evenwichtige Versterker ................................................ .................................................. ..................... 25
Ideal-Real Vergelijking .............................................. .................................................. ................. 27
PRAKTISCHE KENMERKEN VAN OPERATIONELE VERSTERKERS ............................................. .. 29
Open Loop Kenmerken ............................................... .................................................. .......... 29
Open Loop Exploitatie ............................................... .................................................. .................. 30
Output Beperking ................................................ .................................................. ........................... 30
FREQUENTIE AFHANKELIJKE EIGENSCHAPPEN ............................................... ......................................... 31
Introductie ................................................. .................................................. ............................... 31
Open Loop Gain en de Bode Plot ........................................... .................................................. .31
Bode Plot Bouw ............................................... .................................................. ................ 31
Closed Loop Gain ............................................... .................................................. ........................ 32
Stabiliteit ................................................. .................................................. ..................................... 33
Compensatie ................................................. .................................................. ........................... 33
Compensatie Wijzigingen ................................................ .................................................. ............. 34
Bandbreedte ................................................. .................................................. ................................. 35
Loop Gain ................................................ .................................................. .................................. 35
Het Belang van Loop Gain ............................................. .................................................. ....... 36
BODE percelen en BASISPRODUKT PRAKTISCHE circuit ............................................ ............................ 37
Spanning FOLLOWER ................................................ .................................................. ........................ 37
SBOA092A
4 HANDBOEK VAN DE OPERATIONELE VERSTERKER TOEPASSINGEN
Omvormer ................................................. .................................................. .....................................37
X1000 Versterker ................................................ .................................................. ..........................38
Differentiator ................................................. .................................................. .............................38
INTEGRATOR ................................................. .................................................. ..........................40
ANDERE BELANGRIJKE EIGENSCHAPPEN VAN OPERATIONELE VERSTERKERS ............................................41
Samenvattend Punt beperkingen ............................................... .................................................. ...........41
Gesloten aardcircuitimpedantie Niveaus .............................................. .................................................. ....42
Output Impedance ................................................ .................................................. .....................42
Input Impedantie ................................................ .................................................. ........................43
Differentiële ingangen en common mode Afwijzing ............................................ ..............................44
De common mode voltage Limit ............................................. .................................................. .44
Offset ................................................. .................................................. ........................................44
Drift 45
Capacitieve Laden ................................................ .................................................. .....................45
VOLTAGE detectoren en comparatoren .............................................. .................................46
Spanning Beperking Operationele versterkers .............................................. ..........................................46
DE SPANNING FOLLOWER ............................................... .................................................. .............49
BUFFERS EN ISOLATIE VERSTERKERS .............................................. ....................................50
Omkeren Bufferoplossing Regelbare Gain .............................................. .................................................. ...50
Balanced Output ................................................ .................................................. ........................50
Spanning en stroom REFERENTIES .............................................. ..........................................50
Geïsoleerde Standaard Cell ............................................... .................................................. .................51
Constant Current Generator ............................................... .................................................. ........51
Bufferoplossing Variatie ................................................ .................................................. ..........................52
Presettable Spanning Bron ............................................... .................................................. .........52
Referentie voedingsspanning ............................................... .................................................. ...........52
DE NIET-omkeren AMPLIFIER ............................................. .................................................. ..... 53
DE omkeren AMPLIFIER ............................................... .................................................. ............54
Integratiesubstanties ................................................. .................................................. ...............................55
PRAKTISCHE integratiesubstanties ................................................ .................................................. ............55
Gewone Integrators ................................................ .................................................. ......................56
Samenvattend Integrator ................................................ .................................................. ....................58
Double Integrator ................................................ .................................................. .......................58
Differentiële Integrator ................................................ .................................................. ..................59
AC Integrator ................................................ .................................................. .............................59
Uitbreiding Integrator ................................................ .................................................. ................59
Differentiators ................................................. .................................................. ........................61
Met Stop ................................................ .................................................. ................................61
Low Noise ................................................ .................................................. .................................62
Augmented differentiator ................................................ .................................................. ............62
DE SPANNING ZOMER ............................................... .................................................. ..................63
Samenvattend EN Middelingstijd VERSTERKERS .............................................. ..................................64
Adder ................................................. .................................................. ........................................64
Schalen Adder ................................................ .................................................. ............................64
Directe toevoeging ................................................ .................................................. ...........................65
Averager ................................................. .................................................. ...................................65
Gewogen Gemiddelde ................................................ .................................................. ......................66
DE DIFFERENTIELE INPUT AMPLIFIER .............................................. ..............................................67
Adder-Subtractor of Zwevende Input Combiner ........................................... ....................................68
SBOA092A
HANDBOEK VAN DE OPERATIONELE VERSTERKER TOEPASSINGEN 5
DE DIFFERENTIELE (EVENWICHTIGE) OUTPUT AMPLIFIER ........................................... ...................... 69
DC VERSTERKERS ................................................ .................................................. .............................. 70
Eenvoudig omkeren teken veranderende versterker ............................................. .......................................... 70
Chopper Gestabiliseerde ................................................ .................................................. ..................... 70
Gewone Gain Control ............................................... .................................................. ..................... 70
Lineaire Gain Control ............................................... .................................................. ..................... 71
Eenvoudige niet-omkeren .............................................. .................................................. .................... 71
Power Booster ................................................ .................................................. ........................... 71
Differentiële Output ................................................ .................................................. ....................... 73
Gain Control ................................................ .................................................. .............................. 73
Omkeren Gain Control ............................................... .................................................. .................. 73
DIFFERENTIELE VERSTERKERS ................................................ .................................................. .... 74
Subtractor ................................................. .................................................. ................................. 74
Verschil Versterker ................................................ .................................................. .................... 74
Common mode Afwijzing ............................................... .................................................. ............ 75
Differentiële Input-Output .............................................. .................................................. ................ 75
AC VERSTERKERS ................................................ .................................................. .............................. 76
DC Versterkers met Blokkeerbuffer Condensatoren ............................................. ........................................... 76
Gewone Versterker ................................................ .................................................. ................................... 76
Single Supply ................................................ .................................................. ....................................... 76
Niet-omkeren ............................................... .................................................. ......................................... 77
Double afwentelen ................................................ .................................................. ....................................... 77
AC Voorversterker ................................................ .................................................. .................................... 78
Stroomuitgang HULPMIDDELEN ............................................... .................................................. ........... 79
Terugkoppelcircuit ................................................ .................................................. .......................... 79
Gewone Meter Versterker ............................................... .................................................. ................. 79
Meter Versterker ................................................ .................................................. ........................... 80
Huidige Verstuiver ................................................ .................................................. .......................... 80
Lineaire Huidige Bron ............................................... .................................................. ................. 81
Doorbuiging Coil Driver ............................................... .................................................. ................... 82
Oscillatoren EN MULTI vibrators .............................................. ........................................... 83
Gewone Oscillator ................................................ .................................................. ........................ 83
Wien Bridge Oscillator ............................................... .................................................. ................. 83
FASE LOOD EN NETWERKEN LAG ............................................. .................................................. 84
Lag Element ................................................ .................................................. .............................. 84
Verstelbare Lag ................................................ .................................................. ........................... 84
Lag waarde lineair met R instelling ............................................ .................................................. ........ 85
Verstelbare Lood ................................................ .................................................. ......................... 85
Lood-Lag ............................................... .................................................. .................................... 86
Time Delay ................................................ .................................................. ................................ 86
AANVULLENDE CIRCUITS ................................................ .................................................. ................... 87
Absolute Prijs ................................................ .................................................. ........................... 87
Peak FOLLOWER ................................................ .................................................. ............................ 87
Precisie Gelijkrichter ................................................ .................................................. ...................... 88
AC naar DC Converter .............................................. .................................................. ...................... 88
Volledige Wave Gelijkrichter ............................................... .................................................. ...................... 89
Beoordeel Limiter ................................................ .................................................. ............................... 89
Time Delay ................................................ .................................................. ................................ 90
Selectieve Versterker ................................................ .................................................. ...................... 91
AFDELING III: DE SELECTIE VAN DE JUISTE OPERATIONELE VERSTERKER .......................................... .92
SBOA092A
6 HANDBOOK VAN OPERATIONELE VERSTERKER TOEPASSINGEN
Focus op Beperking specificaties .............................................. .................................................. ...92
Vermijd Closed Loop
vs Open Loop Verwarring .......................................... .....................................92
Selectie Check List ............................................... .................................................. ....................92
Bijstandsvormen van Texas Instruments ............................................. ..................................93
Referenties ................................................. ...................
Sorry, maar je moet inloggen om dit onderdeel te bekijken koppelingseisen
Inhoud:
INLEIDING ................................................. .................................................. ................................ 7
Computation Control Instrumentation ............................................... .............................................. 7
De Feedback Techniek ............................................... .................................................. .............. 7
Notatie en terminologie ............................................... .................................................. .............. 8
Input Terminals ................................................ .................................................. ............................ 9
Output Terminals ................................................ .................................................. .......................... 9
Power Connections ................................................ .................................................. .................... 10
Samenvatting van Notatie ............................................... .................................................. ................... 10
Elektrisch Circuit Modellen ............................................... .................................................. .............. 10
Circuit Notatie ................................................ .................................................. .......................... 11
De ideale operationele versterker .............................................. .................................................. .... 12
Bepalen van de ideale operationele versterker ............................................. ........................................... 12
Een samenvatting Punt Restraint .............................................. .................................................. ........... 13
CIRCUITS EN ANALYSES USING THE IDEAL OPERATIONELE VERSTERKER ................................. 14
De wenselijkheid van Feedback .............................................. .................................................. ........ 14
Twee belangrijke feedback circuits .............................................. .................................................. .15
Spanning FOLLOWER ................................................ .................................................. ........................ 15
Niet-omkeren Versterker .............................................. .................................................. ................. 17
Omkeren AMPLIFIER ................................................ .................................................. ............ 18
Intuïtieve Analyse Technieken ............................................... .................................................. ....... 19
Stroomuitgang ................................................ .................................................. ........................... 20
Reactief Elementen ................................................ .................................................. ..................... 20
Integrator ................................................. .................................................. .................................. 21
Differentiator ................................................. .................................................. ............................. 21
Spanning Adder ................................................ .................................................. ............................ 23
Schalen Zomer ................................................ .................................................. ......................... 23
Het combineren van Circuit Functies ............................................... .................................................. ........ 24
Differentiële versterker Ingang ............................................... .................................................. ............ 24
Evenwichtige Versterker ................................................ .................................................. ..................... 25
Ideal-Real Vergelijking .............................................. .................................................. ................. 27
PRAKTISCHE KENMERKEN VAN OPERATIONELE VERSTERKERS ............................................. .. 29
Open Loop Kenmerken ............................................... .................................................. .......... 29
Open Loop Exploitatie ............................................... .................................................. .................. 30
Output Beperking ................................................ .................................................. ........................... 30
FREQUENTIE AFHANKELIJKE EIGENSCHAPPEN ............................................... ......................................... 31
Introductie ................................................. .................................................. ............................... 31
Open Loop Gain en de Bode Plot ........................................... .................................................. .31
Bode Plot Bouw ............................................... .................................................. ................ 31
Closed Loop Gain ............................................... .................................................. ........................ 32
Stabiliteit ................................................. .................................................. ..................................... 33
Compensatie ................................................. .................................................. ........................... 33
Compensatie Wijzigingen ................................................ .................................................. ............. 34
Bandbreedte ................................................. .................................................. ................................. 35
Loop Gain ................................................ .................................................. .................................. 35
Het Belang van Loop Gain ............................................. .................................................. ....... 36
BODE percelen en BASISPRODUKT PRAKTISCHE circuit ............................................ ............................ 37
Spanning FOLLOWER ................................................ .................................................. ........................ 37
SBOA092A
4 HANDBOEK VAN DE OPERATIONELE VERSTERKER TOEPASSINGEN
Omvormer ................................................. .................................................. .....................................37
X1000 Versterker ................................................ .................................................. ..........................38
Differentiator ................................................. .................................................. .............................38
INTEGRATOR ................................................. .................................................. ..........................40
ANDERE BELANGRIJKE EIGENSCHAPPEN VAN OPERATIONELE VERSTERKERS ............................................41
Samenvattend Punt beperkingen ............................................... .................................................. ...........41
Gesloten aardcircuitimpedantie Niveaus .............................................. .................................................. ....42
Output Impedance ................................................ .................................................. .....................42
Input Impedantie ................................................ .................................................. ........................43
Differentiële ingangen en common mode Afwijzing ............................................ ..............................44
De common mode voltage Limit ............................................. .................................................. .44
Offset ................................................. .................................................. ........................................44
Drift 45
Capacitieve Laden ................................................ .................................................. .....................45
VOLTAGE detectoren en comparatoren .............................................. .................................46
Spanning Beperking Operationele versterkers .............................................. ..........................................46
DE SPANNING FOLLOWER ............................................... .................................................. .............49
BUFFERS EN ISOLATIE VERSTERKERS .............................................. ....................................50
Omkeren Bufferoplossing Regelbare Gain .............................................. .................................................. ...50
Balanced Output ................................................ .................................................. ........................50
Spanning en stroom REFERENTIES .............................................. ..........................................50
Geïsoleerde Standaard Cell ............................................... .................................................. .................51
Constant Current Generator ............................................... .................................................. ........51
Bufferoplossing Variatie ................................................ .................................................. ..........................52
Presettable Spanning Bron ............................................... .................................................. .........52
Referentie voedingsspanning ............................................... .................................................. ...........52
DE NIET-omkeren AMPLIFIER ............................................. .................................................. ..... 53
DE omkeren AMPLIFIER ............................................... .................................................. ............54
Integratiesubstanties ................................................. .................................................. ...............................55
PRAKTISCHE integratiesubstanties ................................................ .................................................. ............55
Gewone Integrators ................................................ .................................................. ......................56
Samenvattend Integrator ................................................ .................................................. ....................58
Double Integrator ................................................ .................................................. .......................58
Differentiële Integrator ................................................ .................................................. ..................59
AC Integrator ................................................ .................................................. .............................59
Uitbreiding Integrator ................................................ .................................................. ................59
Differentiators ................................................. .................................................. ........................61
Met Stop ................................................ .................................................. ................................61
Low Noise ................................................ .................................................. .................................62
Augmented differentiator ................................................ .................................................. ............62
DE SPANNING ZOMER ............................................... .................................................. ..................63
Samenvattend EN Middelingstijd VERSTERKERS .............................................. ..................................64
Adder ................................................. .................................................. ........................................64
Schalen Adder ................................................ .................................................. ............................64
Directe toevoeging ................................................ .................................................. ...........................65
Averager ................................................. .................................................. ...................................65
Gewogen Gemiddelde ................................................ .................................................. ......................66
DE DIFFERENTIELE INPUT AMPLIFIER .............................................. ..............................................67
Adder-Subtractor of Zwevende Input Combiner ........................................... ....................................68
SBOA092A
HANDBOEK VAN DE OPERATIONELE VERSTERKER TOEPASSINGEN 5
DE DIFFERENTIELE (EVENWICHTIGE) OUTPUT AMPLIFIER ........................................... ...................... 69
DC VERSTERKERS ................................................ .................................................. .............................. 70
Eenvoudig omkeren teken veranderende versterker ............................................. .......................................... 70
Chopper Gestabiliseerde ................................................ .................................................. ..................... 70
Gewone Gain Control ............................................... .................................................. ..................... 70
Lineaire Gain Control ............................................... .................................................. ..................... 71
Eenvoudige niet-omkeren .............................................. .................................................. .................... 71
Power Booster ................................................ .................................................. ........................... 71
Differentiële Output ................................................ .................................................. ....................... 73
Gain Control ................................................ .................................................. .............................. 73
Omkeren Gain Control ............................................... .................................................. .................. 73
DIFFERENTIELE VERSTERKERS ................................................ .................................................. .... 74
Subtractor ................................................. .................................................. ................................. 74
Verschil Versterker ................................................ .................................................. .................... 74
Common mode Afwijzing ............................................... .................................................. ............ 75
Differentiële Input-Output .............................................. .................................................. ................ 75
AC VERSTERKERS ................................................ .................................................. .............................. 76
DC Versterkers met Blokkeerbuffer Condensatoren ............................................. ........................................... 76
Gewone Versterker ................................................ .................................................. ................................... 76
Single Supply ................................................ .................................................. ....................................... 76
Niet-omkeren ............................................... .................................................. ......................................... 77
Double afwentelen ................................................ .................................................. ....................................... 77
AC Voorversterker ................................................ .................................................. .................................... 78
Stroomuitgang HULPMIDDELEN ............................................... .................................................. ........... 79
Terugkoppelcircuit ................................................ .................................................. .......................... 79
Gewone Meter Versterker ............................................... .................................................. ................. 79
Meter Versterker ................................................ .................................................. ........................... 80
Huidige Verstuiver ................................................ .................................................. .......................... 80
Lineaire Huidige Bron ............................................... .................................................. ................. 81
Doorbuiging Coil Driver ............................................... .................................................. ................... 82
Oscillatoren EN MULTI vibrators .............................................. ........................................... 83
Gewone Oscillator ................................................ .................................................. ........................ 83
Wien Bridge Oscillator ............................................... .................................................. ................. 83
FASE LOOD EN NETWERKEN LAG ............................................. .................................................. 84
Lag Element ................................................ .................................................. .............................. 84
Verstelbare Lag ................................................ .................................................. ........................... 84
Lag waarde lineair met R instelling ............................................ .................................................. ........ 85
Verstelbare Lood ................................................ .................................................. ......................... 85
Lood-Lag ............................................... .................................................. .................................... 86
Time Delay ................................................ .................................................. ................................ 86
AANVULLENDE CIRCUITS ................................................ .................................................. ................... 87
Absolute Prijs ................................................ .................................................. ........................... 87
Peak FOLLOWER ................................................ .................................................. ............................ 87
Precisie Gelijkrichter ................................................ .................................................. ...................... 88
AC naar DC Converter .............................................. .................................................. ...................... 88
Volledige Wave Gelijkrichter ............................................... .................................................. ...................... 89
Beoordeel Limiter ................................................ .................................................. ............................... 89
Time Delay ................................................ .................................................. ................................ 90
Selectieve Versterker ................................................ .................................................. ...................... 91
AFDELING III: DE SELECTIE VAN DE JUISTE OPERATIONELE VERSTERKER .......................................... .92
SBOA092A
6 HANDBOOK VAN OPERATIONELE VERSTERKER TOEPASSINGEN
Focus op Beperking specificaties .............................................. .................................................. ...92
Vermijd Closed Loop
vs Open Loop Verwarring .......................................... .....................................92
Selectie Check List ............................................... .................................................. ....................92
Bijstandsvormen van Texas Instruments ............................................. ..................................93
Referenties ................................................. ...................
Sorry, maar je moet inloggen om dit onderdeel te bekijken koppelingseisen